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Oil prices moved higher on Friday morning after the EU agreed to an 18th package of sanctions against Russia, but the effectiveness of the sanctions is yet to be seen.

Friday, July 18th, 2025

The constant drumbeat of Russian sanction announcements is keeping Brent futures around $70 per barrel, with the European Union and its concept of a floating price cap taking centre stage this week. The bullish momentum was further supported by assumed Iraqi drone strikes on Kurdish oil fields, taking out all the major producing assets in less than a week, suggesting that Baghdad’s OPEC+ compliance will improve over the upcoming weeks.

Chevron Beats Exxon in Legal Standoff for Hess. US oil major Chevron (NYSE:CVX) will be allowed to integrate Hess Energy’s $53 billion assets after winning a high-profile litigation with ExxonMobil in the International Chamber of Commerce over Hess’ Guyanese assets, giving it 30% in the Stabroek block.

Drone Attacks Cripple Kurdish Production. A flurry of drone strikes ultimately achieved what Iraqi negotiations had failed to achieve in over two years – namely, slashing Kurdish oil output by 200,000 b/d – after explosive-laden drones debilitated the Tawke and Peshkabir fields operated by Norway’s DNO.

BlackRock Becomes Saudi Arabia’s Preferred Investor. Saudi state oil firm Saudi Aramco (TADAWUL:2222) is reportedly closing in on a $10 billion deal with US investment firm BlackRock (NYSE:BLK), potentially giving it a stake in the $100 billion Jafurah sour gas project, the largest Saudi untapped gas field.

India Mulls Yet Another New Refinery. Stoking fears that India’s refining overcapacity might be the next downstream scare, the South Asian country’s state-controlled ONGC is considering building a new 200-240,000 b/d refinery at Jamnagar in the western state of Gujarat, already home to the giant Reliance refinery.

Chinese Buyers Wary of Malaysia’s Iran Crackdown. Malaysian authorities are planning to crack down on ‘illegal’ ship-to-ship transfers of Iranian crude in the country’s territorial waters, reportedly later this month under notable US pressure, jeopardizing the 1.5-1.7 million b/d of Iranian flows to China.

Russia’s Energy Output Falls in 2025. Russia’s crude oil production dropped by 3.5% year-over-year to 211 million metric tonnes in January-May, reflecting lower output amidst OPEC+ production cuts, whilst the Energy Ministry reported gas production declining by a similar 3% to 290 billion cubic metres.

Beijing Threatens to Block Panama Ports Deal. The Chinese government is threatening to block the $23 billion sale of more than 40 ports owned by Hong Kong-registered CK Hutchison to US investment giant BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) and MSC if Chinese shipping giant Cosco doesn’t get a stake in the transaction.

Belarus Survives Nuclear Scare, For Now. The second of two nuclear reactors at Belarus’ Astravets power plant was disconnected from the power grid after an alarm indicated a deviation in its cooling system, impacting 20% of the country’s power needs as radiation levels at the plant stayed unchanged.

Trump Scraps US Funding for High-Speed Rail. The Trump administration rescinded $4 billion in US government subsidies for California’s High-Speed Rail (HSR) project connecting San Francisco to Los Angeles and Anaheim, citing HSR’s bloated $128 billion price tag as ‘grossly over initial budget’.

Steel Markets Turn Very ‘Tariffy’ as Canada Chips In. Canada’s new Prime Minister, Mark Carney, announced tariff rate quotas for countries with which Ottawa has free trade agreements, excluding the US, seeking to protect Canadian steel production whilst also slapping a flat 25% tariff on Chinese steel.

Slovakia Acquiesces to EU’s 18th Russia Sanctions Pack. Slovakia will lift its veto against the European Union’s 18th sanctions package against Russia after Prime Minister Robert Fico reportedly received guarantees from Brussels over its energy security past 2028, paving the way for the EU’s new price cap.

Lithium Is More Alive than Dead. The world’s benchmark futures in lithium pricing, the lithium carbonate futures on the Guangzhou Exchange, rose to a three-month high of ¥70,000 per metric tonne ($9,750/mt) after Chinese miner Zangge Mining reported having halted production at its Qinghai mine.

Brazil Eyes Asian Markets After US Snub. Brazil’s state oil firm Petrobras (NYSE:PBR) is considering redirecting its oil flows away from the United States on the heels of the Trump Administration slapping 50% tariffs on Brazilian goods, having supplied some 200,000 b/d of oil to Pacific Coast refiners.

US Targets Chinese Graphite with Prohibitive Tariffs. The US Commerce Department announced it will impose a preliminary anti-dumping duty of 93.5% on all China-produced anode-grade graphite, a key component to produce electric vehicles, with final duties for the material to be issued by December 5.

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From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5 The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Article .From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5: The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Report on the Shifting Landscape of Substance Abuse in Nigeria Nigeria faces a severe and evolving drug crisis, particularly among its youth. What began with the widespread abuse of Tramadol has progressed through mixtures like “Canadian” to newer pharmaceutical diversions such as Exol-5. This shift reflects deeper issues: easy access to prescription drugs, weak regulation, socioeconomic pressures, and aggressive street-level marketing. NDLEA operations and health studies reveal a public health emergency that threatens an entire generation. Phase 1: The Tramadol Epidemic (2010s–Early 2020s) Tramadol, a synthetic opioid prescribed for moderate to severe pain, became Nigeria’s most notorious street drug. Cheap, potent, and widely smuggled (often from India and other Asian countries), it offered users energy, euphoria, and pain relief — appealing to commercial drivers, laborers, students, and young men seeking confidence or stamina. Scale of the Problem: Millions of tablets seized annually by NDLEA. High prevalence among young males aged 15–35. Linked to increased crime, sexual violence, organ damage (kidney failure, seizures), and mental health breakdowns. Contributed to broader opioid misuse alongside codeine cough syrups. Government responses included tighter import controls and public awareness campaigns, but these only displaced demand to other substances rather than eliminating it. Phase 2: The Rise of “Canadian” (Mid-2020s) “Canadian” or “Canadian Loud” emerged as a popular code for high-grade cannabis (often indica-dominant strains) or cannabis mixed with other synthetics. It gained traction as users sought alternatives or combinations to Tramadol’s effects. This phase marked a move toward imported or locally cultivated premium weed, sometimes laced with stronger chemicals. Youths in urban centers like Lagos, Kano, Jos, and Onitsha embraced it for its perceived “cleaner” high compared to opioids. However, it fueled polydrug use — combining cannabis with opioids, sedatives, or alcohol — amplifying health risks. Phase 3: Exol-5 – The Current Threat (2024–2026) Exol-5 (Benzhexol Hydrochloride / Trihexyphenidyl 5mg), originally a prescription medication for Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced movement disorders, has become the latest pharmaceutical being heavily abused. Why Exol-5? Euphoric Effects: Users report intense euphoria, hallucinations, and a sense of detachment — making it attractive as a cheap “upper” or escape. Accessibility: Sold over-the-counter or on the black market despite being a controlled prescription drug. NDLEA has seized millions of pills in single operations (e.g., 3.1 million pills in Kano in late 2024, and over 5.6 million combined with Tramadol in other busts). Street Names: Exol, Artane, Benzhexol, “Farin Mallam” (in Northern Nigeria). Demographics: Prevalent among youths, laborers, and even psychiatric patients who divert prescriptions. Studies show abuse rates as high as 25% among certain outpatient groups. Health Consequences: Anticholinergic toxicity: Confusion, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and in high doses — delirium, psychosis, seizures, and heart issues. Long-term: Cognitive impairment, addiction, exacerbated mental health disorders. Often mixed with Tramadol, codeine, or cannabis, creating dangerous synergies. In cities like Jos, Exol-5 sits alongside diazepam, Rohypnol, and Tramadol on street markets, easily available to teenagers and young adults. Why This Evolution Continues Supply-Side Failures: Porous borders, corrupt officials, and overproduction of pharmaceuticals enable diversion. Demand Drivers: Unemployment, poverty, peer pressure, trauma, and the pursuit of performance enhancement (e.g., for “hustle” culture). Weak Regulation: Many pharmacies sell restricted drugs without prescriptions. Online and street vendors fill gaps. Displacement Effect: Cracking down on one substance (Tramadol/codeine) pushes users and dealers toward the next available option. NDLEA reports ongoing large seizures, but the problem persists due to high profitability and low risk for mid-level distributors. Broader Impacts on Nigerian Youths Education: Increased dropout rates and poor academic performance. Mental Health: Rising cases of psychosis and depression. Economy: Lost productivity among the working-age population. Crime and Violence: Drug-fueled robberies, cultism, and family breakdowns. Public Health System Strain: Overburdened hospitals treating overdoses and chronic complications. Young people aged 15–39 remain the hardest hit, with national surveys showing drug use prevalence significantly above global averages. What Must Be Done Stronger Enforcement: Consistent prosecution of corrupt enablers and large-scale traffickers. Regulation: Crackdown on rogue pharmacies and better tracking of prescription drugs. Prevention & Rehabilitation: School programs, community outreach, and expanded treatment centers (currently woefully inadequate). Economic Alternatives: Address root causes like youth unemployment. Public Awareness: Honest campaigns highlighting real dangers of “Exol-5” and similar drugs. Conclusion From Tramadol’s opioid grip to “Canadian” cannabis culture and now Exol-5’s anticholinergic highs, Nigeria’s drug crisis is mutating faster than responses can contain it. Exol-5 represents the dangerous new frontier — a legitimate medicine turned youth destroyer due to misuse and greed. Without urgent, multi-layered intervention — combining supply disruption, demand reduction, and socioeconomic support — an entire generation risks being lost to addiction. The time for half-measures is over. Nigeria’s future depends on winning this fight.