Mon. May 25th, 2026
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The President of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Barrister Yakubu Maikyau, has asserted that the administration of justice, is the fundamental prerequisite for maintaining harmonious relationships among citizens, and ensuring the very existence of a nation.

He asserted at the 2024 NBA SLP annual conference held in Kano, the first of its kind to be hosted in the North.

Speaking on the conference theme, “Administration of Justice in Nigeria: Challenges and Reforms,” Barrister Maikyau emphasised, “You can see by the theme of the conference, it is about the administration of justice, the challenges, and the reforms.” He underscored the necessity of justice in all aspects of governance and daily life, adding, “Justice is what would guarantee our harmonious coexistence as a people and even the existence of the country itself.”

Barrister Maikyau highlighted the continuous relevance of justice, stating that the administration of justice, should be a part of citizens’ consciousness at all levels.

He further remarked, “When we agree to do justice in everything that we are doing, it would aggregate into the development of peace in our nation.”

Representing Governor Abba Yusuf,  Secretary to the Kano State Government, Alhaji Baffar Bichi, reiterated the importance of the justice system, describing it as “the cornerstone of any function of any society.”

Governor Yusuf stressed, “Administration of equal justice without fear or favour is the platform upon which the rights of citizens are protected. Hence, the need to ensure that this is upheld.”

He acknowledged the significant challenges facing Nigeria’s justice system, which he noted are “hindering trust and confidence in the judiciary.”

In his keynote address, President of the National Industrial Court of Nigeria, Justice Benedict Bakwaph, warned that the Nigerian judiciary must adapt to the changing demands of globalisation and technological advancements.

“Unless the Nigerian judiciary transmogrifies as the dictates of globalization, information technology, development, etc. impact on national laws, we may find ourselves left out of the scheme of things,” he said.

Justice Bakwaph criticised the current state of the judiciary, citing an example by former Kaduna State Governor Nasir El-Rufai, who described the Nigerian judiciary as “pathetic, too slow, and often on the side of crooks rather than on the side of government or the innocent.”

He also touched on the issue of politicians undermining the judiciary, mentioning that some have stated they will not obey court orders until the Supreme Court intervenes. “This attitude undermines lower courts and the appellate process,” he noted.

Justice Bakwaph emphasised the need to address the issues plaguing the judiciary, including judicial bashing and the numerous petitions against judges, which he claimed have led to “defensive adjudication” in the country.

The conference focused on examining these challenges and discussing potential reforms to improve the administration of justice in Nigeria, ensuring it is dispensed fairly and efficiently to all citizens

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From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5 The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Article .From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5: The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Report on the Shifting Landscape of Substance Abuse in Nigeria Nigeria faces a severe and evolving drug crisis, particularly among its youth. What began with the widespread abuse of Tramadol has progressed through mixtures like “Canadian” to newer pharmaceutical diversions such as Exol-5. This shift reflects deeper issues: easy access to prescription drugs, weak regulation, socioeconomic pressures, and aggressive street-level marketing. NDLEA operations and health studies reveal a public health emergency that threatens an entire generation. Phase 1: The Tramadol Epidemic (2010s–Early 2020s) Tramadol, a synthetic opioid prescribed for moderate to severe pain, became Nigeria’s most notorious street drug. Cheap, potent, and widely smuggled (often from India and other Asian countries), it offered users energy, euphoria, and pain relief — appealing to commercial drivers, laborers, students, and young men seeking confidence or stamina. Scale of the Problem: Millions of tablets seized annually by NDLEA. High prevalence among young males aged 15–35. Linked to increased crime, sexual violence, organ damage (kidney failure, seizures), and mental health breakdowns. Contributed to broader opioid misuse alongside codeine cough syrups. Government responses included tighter import controls and public awareness campaigns, but these only displaced demand to other substances rather than eliminating it. Phase 2: The Rise of “Canadian” (Mid-2020s) “Canadian” or “Canadian Loud” emerged as a popular code for high-grade cannabis (often indica-dominant strains) or cannabis mixed with other synthetics. It gained traction as users sought alternatives or combinations to Tramadol’s effects. This phase marked a move toward imported or locally cultivated premium weed, sometimes laced with stronger chemicals. Youths in urban centers like Lagos, Kano, Jos, and Onitsha embraced it for its perceived “cleaner” high compared to opioids. However, it fueled polydrug use — combining cannabis with opioids, sedatives, or alcohol — amplifying health risks. Phase 3: Exol-5 – The Current Threat (2024–2026) Exol-5 (Benzhexol Hydrochloride / Trihexyphenidyl 5mg), originally a prescription medication for Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced movement disorders, has become the latest pharmaceutical being heavily abused. Why Exol-5? Euphoric Effects: Users report intense euphoria, hallucinations, and a sense of detachment — making it attractive as a cheap “upper” or escape. Accessibility: Sold over-the-counter or on the black market despite being a controlled prescription drug. NDLEA has seized millions of pills in single operations (e.g., 3.1 million pills in Kano in late 2024, and over 5.6 million combined with Tramadol in other busts). Street Names: Exol, Artane, Benzhexol, “Farin Mallam” (in Northern Nigeria). Demographics: Prevalent among youths, laborers, and even psychiatric patients who divert prescriptions. Studies show abuse rates as high as 25% among certain outpatient groups. Health Consequences: Anticholinergic toxicity: Confusion, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and in high doses — delirium, psychosis, seizures, and heart issues. Long-term: Cognitive impairment, addiction, exacerbated mental health disorders. Often mixed with Tramadol, codeine, or cannabis, creating dangerous synergies. In cities like Jos, Exol-5 sits alongside diazepam, Rohypnol, and Tramadol on street markets, easily available to teenagers and young adults. Why This Evolution Continues Supply-Side Failures: Porous borders, corrupt officials, and overproduction of pharmaceuticals enable diversion. Demand Drivers: Unemployment, poverty, peer pressure, trauma, and the pursuit of performance enhancement (e.g., for “hustle” culture). Weak Regulation: Many pharmacies sell restricted drugs without prescriptions. Online and street vendors fill gaps. Displacement Effect: Cracking down on one substance (Tramadol/codeine) pushes users and dealers toward the next available option. NDLEA reports ongoing large seizures, but the problem persists due to high profitability and low risk for mid-level distributors. Broader Impacts on Nigerian Youths Education: Increased dropout rates and poor academic performance. Mental Health: Rising cases of psychosis and depression. Economy: Lost productivity among the working-age population. Crime and Violence: Drug-fueled robberies, cultism, and family breakdowns. Public Health System Strain: Overburdened hospitals treating overdoses and chronic complications. Young people aged 15–39 remain the hardest hit, with national surveys showing drug use prevalence significantly above global averages. What Must Be Done Stronger Enforcement: Consistent prosecution of corrupt enablers and large-scale traffickers. Regulation: Crackdown on rogue pharmacies and better tracking of prescription drugs. Prevention & Rehabilitation: School programs, community outreach, and expanded treatment centers (currently woefully inadequate). Economic Alternatives: Address root causes like youth unemployment. Public Awareness: Honest campaigns highlighting real dangers of “Exol-5” and similar drugs. Conclusion From Tramadol’s opioid grip to “Canadian” cannabis culture and now Exol-5’s anticholinergic highs, Nigeria’s drug crisis is mutating faster than responses can contain it. Exol-5 represents the dangerous new frontier — a legitimate medicine turned youth destroyer due to misuse and greed. Without urgent, multi-layered intervention — combining supply disruption, demand reduction, and socioeconomic support — an entire generation risks being lost to addiction. The time for half-measures is over. Nigeria’s future depends on winning this fight.